Influence of endodontic sealers artifacts in the detection of vertical root fractures.

The aim of this study was to compare the influence of endodontic sealers artifacts on the detection of vertical root fracture in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Premolars and central incisors were assigned into five different groups: Control, Pulp Canal Sealer, AH Plus, Sealer 26, and BC Sealer (n= 10, per group). VRFs were mechanically induced and the teeth were inserted into an image phantom. Subsequently, CBCT (Cranex 3Dx, Soredex, Tuusula, Finland) images were obtained and two observers were asked separately to identify root fracture, by visual analysis. For both premolar and central incisors, kappa coefficients of intraobserver agreement varied from good to excellent (K: 80% - 87%), and the values for interobserver agreement varied from fair to moderate (K: 30% - 35%). As follows, the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) values for VRFs highlighted that the use of BC sealer reduced the observers' ability to discriminate VRFs relative to other sealers. Moreover, sensitivity values for premolars teeth ranged from 20% to 60%, and specificity ranged from 60% to 100%; while sensitivity values for central incisors ranged from 30% to 70%, and specificity ranged from 70% to 100%. In conclusion, the low sensitivity values, mainly for premolars, demonstrated the difficulty in VRF diagnosis. Furthermore, BC Sealer induced significantly more imaging artifacts than other sealers. These results highlighting that endodontic sealers may interfere with the diagnosis of VRFs.

Influence of endodontic sealers artifacts in the detection of vertical root fractures

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the influence of endodontic sealers artifacts on the detection of vertical root fracture in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Premolars and central incisors were assigned into five different groups: Control, Pulp Canal Sealer, AH Plus, Sealer 26, and BC Sealer (n= 10, per group). VRFs were mechanically induced and the teeth were inserted into an image phantom. Subsequently, CBCT (Cranex 3Dx, Soredex, Tuusula, Finland) images were obtained and two observers were asked separately to identify root fracture, by visual analysis. For both premolar and central incisors, kappa coefficients of intraobserver agreement varied from good to excellent (K: 80% - 87%), and the values for interobserver agreement varied from fair to moderate (K: 30% - 35%). As follows, the area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) values for VRFs highlighted that the use of BC sealer reduced the observers' ability to discriminate VRFs relative to other sealers. Moreover, sensitivity values for premolars teeth ranged from 20% to 60%, and specificity ranged from 60% to 100%; while sensitivity values for central incisors ranged from 30% to 70%, and specificity ranged from 70% to 100%. In conclusion, the low sensitivity values, mainly for premolars, demonstrated the difficulty in VRF diagnosis. Furthermore, BC Sealer induced significantly more imaging artifacts than other sealers. These results highlighting that endodontic sealers may interfere with the diagnosis of VRFs.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a influência dos artefatos de cimentos endodônticos na detecção de fratura radicular vertical (FRV) em tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC). Pré-molares e incisivos centrais foram divididos em cinco grupos diferentes: Controle, Pulp Canal Sealer, AH Plus, Sealer 26 e BC Sealer (n = 10, por grupo). As FRVs foram induzidas mecanicamente e os dentes inseridos em uma réplica da mandibula humana. Posteriormente, imagens de TCFC (Cranex 3Dx, Soredex, Tuusula, Finlândia) foram obtidas e dois observadores foram solicitados a identificar fratura radicular separadamente, o critério utilizado foi a análise visual. Tanto para pré-molares quanto para incisivos centrais, os coeficientes kappa de concordância intraobservador variaram de bom a excelente (K: 80% - 87%), e os valores de concordância interobservador variaram de regular a moderado (K: 30% - 35%). A seguir, a área sob a curva (AUC) dos valores da característica de operação do receptor (ROC) para FRVs destacou que o uso do cimento BC Sealer reduziu a capacidade dos observadores de discriminar FRVs em relação a outros cimentos endodônticos. Além disso, os valores de sensibilidade para pré-molares variaram de 20% a 60%, e a especificidade variou de 60% a 100%; enquanto os valores de sensibilidade para incisivos centrais variaram de 30% a 70%, e a especificidade variou de 70% a 100%. Em conclusão, os baixos valores de sensibilidade, principalmente para pré-molares, demonstraram uma dificuldade no diagnóstico de FRV. Além disso, o BC Sealer induziu significativamente mais artefatos de imagem do que outros cimentos. Esses resultados evidenciam que os cimentos endodônticos podem interferir no diagnóstico das FRVs.

Influência de diferentes materiais obturadores endodônticos em imagens de TCFC: uma avaliação in vitro / Influence of different root canal obturation materials in CBCT imaging: an in vitro evaluation

Objetivo: O presente estudo avaliou a influência de materiais obturadores endodônticos na produção de artefato de imagens de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), por meio da análise de densidade de imagem em incisivos centrais e dentes pré-molares unirradiculares. Métodos: Os dentes foram submetidos a instrumentação endodôntica e divididos em cinco grupos: um grupo controle (sem preenchimento endodôntico) e quatro grupos teste, cada um preenchido por um material obturador endodôntico diferente (PulpCanal Sealer, AHPlus, Sealer26 e BCSealer). Após a aquisição da TCFC, as imagens foram avaliadas para determinar variações de tons de cinza nos três terços da raiz (análise objetiva). A segunda análise (subjetiva) comparou o grupo controle com dois dos grupos teste, em um processo randomizado. Resultados: Na análise objetiva, o Sealer26 e o BCSealer mostraram diferença estatística para valores mínimos, em comparação com outros materiais obturadores endodônticos, para dentes anteriores e posteriores. Para valores máximos, apenas o grupo controle diferiu estatisticamente dos grupos teste. Ao comparar os valores dos pré-molares e dos incisivos centrais em tons cinza pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis, foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa para os valores mínimos. Na análise subjetiva, para dentes anteriores e posteriores, o PulpCanal Sealer foi o material mais frequentemente apontado pelos observadores como aquele que produziu mais interferência de artefato. Conclusões: Os materiais obturadores endodônticos nos dentes posteriores apresentaram comportamento semelhante; somente o PulpCanal Sealer no terço apical apresentou diferenças estatísticas em relação aos demais grupos. Para os dentes anteriores, o BCSealer apresentou valores mínimos maiores em relação aos outros materiais obturadores endodônticos, o que poderia representar maior interferência do artefato (AU).

Objective: This study evaluated the influence of canal obturation materials in the production of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images artifact, by means of image density analysis and comparison between four materials in central incisors and monoradicular premolar teeth. Materials and Methods: The teeth were submitted to endodontic instrumentation and divided into 5 groups: one control group (no endodontic filling) and four test groups each one filled by a different endodontic sealer (PulpCanal Sealer, AHPlus, Sealer26 and BCSealer). After CBCT scanning, the images were assessed to determine grayscale variations in three root thirds (objective analysis). The second (subjective) analysis compared the control group with two of the test groups in a randomized process. Results: In the objective analysis, Sealer26 and BCSealer showed statistical difference for minimum values, in comparison with another sealers, for both anterior and posterior teeth. For maximum values, only control group differed statistically from test groups. When comparing premolars and central incisors grayscale values by ANOVA analysis, a statistically significant difference was found mainly for minimum values. At the subjective analysis, for both anterior and posterior teeth, PulpCanal Sealer was the filling most frequently appointed by the observers as the one that produced more artifact interference. Conclusion: Endodontic fillings at posterior teeth performed similar behavior. Only PulpCanal Sealer on apical third presented higher maximum values in relation to others groups, which could represent more white brands. For anterior teeth, BC Sealer performed higher minimum values in relation to other endodontic fillings, which could represent more dark bands (AU).

Covid-19: um novo fenômeno de representações sociais para a equipe de enfermagem na terapia intensiva / Covid-19: a new phenomenon of social representations for the nursing team in intensive care / Covid-19: un nuevo fenómeno de representaciones sociales para el equipo de enfermería en cuidados intensivos

Objetivo: refletir sobre a COVID-19 como um fenômeno de representações sociais para a equipe de enfermagem da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, analisando as implicações dessa compreensão teórica no delineamento das práticas sociais de tais profissionais. Método: estudo teórico-reflexivo, pautado no referencial das representações sociais. Captaram-se artigos científicos, livros e dados oficiais sobre a COVID-19; posteriormente, procedeu-se o aprofundamento reflexivo com base nos preceitos da teoria. Desenvolvimento: a COVID-19 vem apresentando um forte impacto no cuidado de enfermagem na terapia intensiva. O atendimento dos critérios das representações sociais: da relevância, da prática, do consenso e da afiliação; as dimensões dos afetos, imagética e das práticas sociais mobilizadas na construção social desse fenômeno; e as características do cotidiano da pertença social da equipe de enfermagem atuante na terapia intensiva diante dos pacientes com a COVID-19 foram os argumentos teóricos que sustentaram a defesa de que a COVID-19 é um fenômeno de representação social para esse grupo social. Conclusão e implicações para a prática: estudos das representações sociais desses profissionais sobre a COVID-19 podem subsidiar a proposição de tecnologias de cuidado-educação que qualifiquem a sua atuação no atendimento aos pacientes críticos com a COVID-19

Aim: To reflect on COVID-19 as a phenomenon of social representations for the nursing staff of the Intensive Care Unit, analyzing the implications of this theoretical understanding in the design of the social practices of such professionals. Method: Theoretical-reflective study, based on the framework of social representations. Scientific articles, books, and official data on COVID-19 were captured; subsequently, a deep reflection was conducted based on the principles of the theory. Development: COVID-19 has had a strong impact on nursing care in intensive care. Meeting the criteria of social representations: relevance, practice, consensus, and affiliation; the dimensions of affects, imagery, and social practices mobilized in the social construction of this phenomenon; and the daily characteristics of the social belonging of the nursing team working in intensive care before patients with COVID-19 were the theoretical arguments that supported the defense that COVID-19 is a phenomenon of social representation for this social group. Conclusion and implications for the practice: Studies on the social representations of these professionals about COVID-19 can support the proposition of care-education technologies that qualify their performance in the care of critically ill COVID-19 patients

Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre la COVID-19 como fenómeno de representaciones sociales para el equipo de enfermería de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, con el análisis de las implicaciones de esta comprensión teórica en las prácticas sociales de dichos profesionales. Método: Estudio teórico-reflexivo, basado en el marco de las representaciones sociales. Se capturaron artículos científicos, libros y datos oficiales sobre la COVID-19; posteriormente, se procedió a una profundización reflexiva basada en los preceptos de la teoría. Desarrollo: la COVID-19 ha tenido un fuerte impacto en la atención de enfermería en cuidados intensivos. Cumplir con los criterios de las representaciones sociales: relevancia, práctica, consenso y afiliación; las dimensiones de los afectos, de las imágenes y de las prácticas sociales movilizadas en la construcción social de este fenómeno; y las características cotidianas de la pertenencia social del equipo de enfermería que trabaja en cuidados intensivos ante pacientes con COVID-19 fueron los argumentos teóricos que sustentaron la defensa de que la COVID-19 es un fenómeno de representación social para este grupo social. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica: Los estudios de las representaciones sociales de estos profesionales sobre la COVID-19 pueden apoyar la propuesta de tecnologías de cuidado-educación que califiquen su desempeño en el cuidado de pacientes críticos con COVID-19

Higher Prevalence of Periodontitis and Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth in Patients with Psoriasis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence and severity of periodontitis and decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) index in patients with psoriasis. As a secondary aim, verify if periodontitis was a risk indicator for psoriasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 69 patients diagnosed with psoriasis (48.7 ± 14.6 years) and 74 healthy controls (40.3 ± 12.9 years) participated in the study. Probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing, plaque index, and DMFT index were measured in all subjects. Periodontitis was defined as the presence of at least three interproximal sites with CAL ≥3 mm in different teeth and severe periodontitis should involve at least two interproximal sites in different teeth with CAL ≥5 mm. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the demographics and the clinical data. The significance level was 5%. A multivariate logistic regression was conducted, and the odds ratio were calculated to express the risk to develop psoriasis. RESULTS: Patients with psoriasis had significantly more sites with CAL ≥3 mm (p < 0.03) and CAL ≥5 mm (p < 0.0001), less sites with plaque (p < 0.0001), fewer teeth (p < 0.0001), and a high DMFT index (p < 0.02) as compared with controls. Severe periodontitis was significantly more frequent (87.1% × 58.1%) and was a risk indicator for psoriasis after adjusting for sex, age, race, and smoking habits (odds ratio: 3.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.5-9.0, p < 0.003). CONCLUSION: Patients with psoriasis have higher prevalence of severe periodontitis and higher DMFT than control patients. Severe periodontitis may be a risk indicator for psoriasis.

Handover communication in intensive therapy: nursing team meanings and practices.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the meanings built by the nursing team regarding communication at shift handover in intensive care units. METHOD: A qualitative study, grounded on the theoretical framework of Berlo, was developed in the intensive care unit of a hospital in Rio de Janeiro with the nursing team participating in the handover process or working with patient care. Observation and interviews were conducted, with a thorough description of the data and thematic content analysis. RESULTS: There is acknowledgment of the meaning of handover in nursing care, which is expressed in behaviors aimed at avoiding inefficacy or the incorrect perception of communication; on the other hand, there is little participation of nursing technicians, with side talks, lack of attention and incomplete information, which compromises their effectiveness. CONCLUSION: Professionals should understand their role in the communication process by playing it with active participation to reduce handover noises.

Oxidative homeostasis in oocyte competence for in vitro embryo development.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) in oocytes from follicles of different diameters and their relevance in the in vitro production of embryos (IVPE). Bovine ovaries were aspirated according to the diameter of the follicle [2-8 (general), 4-8 (large), and 2 < 4 mm (small)]. The oocytes were evaluated for levels of ROS, GSH, in vitro maturation, and IVPE. Higher levels of ROS and GSH were observed (p < 0.05) in oocytes of the large group (85.6 ± 7.2 and 140.0 ± 9.6) followed by those in the general (81.1 ± 10.5 and 134.3 ± 7.8) and small (73.5 ± 10.1 and 125.0 ± 10.6) groups. However, the proportion of ROS/GSH did not differ (p > 0.05) between the general, large, and small groups. The maturation was higher (p < 0.05) in the large group (87.8 ± 3.0%) than in the small group (72.2 ± 5.8%), but both were similar (p > 0.05) to that in the general group (82.2 ± 2.5%), whereas the IVPE of the large group (57.3 ± 3.0%) was higher (p < 0.05) than those in the general (44.7 ± 4.4%) and small (34.0 ± 4.0%) groups. We report that oocytes from large follicles are more competent for IVPE, whereas higher levels of ROS and GSH appear to be correlated with oocyte competence, as long as oxidative homeostasis is retained.

Intensivist nurse performance in the collaborative model of continuous hemodialysis: links with patient safety.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the Intensive Care Unit nurse's role in the management of continuous hemodialysis within the scope of the collaborative model, analyzing it regarding the links with patient safety. METHOD: A descriptive, qualitative, exploratory study based on the Reason safety model performed at the Intensive Care Unit of a specialized hospital, with nurses working in the direct management of continuous hemodialysis, who were interviewed using a script with its contents being thematically analyzed. RESULTS: 23 nurses participated. The role of the intensive care nurse in continuous hemodialysis involves performing preparation/planning and monitoring/follow-up activities, based on interaction with technology and the application of specialized knowledge. The adopted collaborative model reflects on its qualification and availability in relation to the activities that need to be performed, with repercussions on patient safety. CONCLUSION: There are weaknesses in the participation by intensive care nurses in this continuous hemodialysis model which require elaboration of defensive barriers for the safety of the system.

Training of intensive care nurses to handle continuous hemodialysis: a latent condition for safety.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the repercussions of the training of nurses working in the Intensive Care Unit for the management of continuous hemodialysis regarding the safety of critical patients with acute renal failure. METHOD: Qualitative research developed considering James Reason's reference in the Intensive Care Unit of a private hospital. The data was collected with 23 nurses who worked for more than three months in the management of continuous hemodialysis through a semi-structured interview, and analyzed with the thematic content analysis technique. RESULTS: There are weaknesses in the training of intensive care nurses for the management of continuous hemodialysis that become a latent failure. Such a failure results in difficulties in handling hemodialysis, with risks for these professionals to commit active failures. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The training program in service for the management of continuous hemodialysis must be perfected, to develop skills and competencies in nurses and improve their performance.

Training of intensive care nurses to handle continuous hemodialysis: a latent condition for safety / Formación de los enfermeros intensivistas para manejar la hemodiálisis continua: una condición latente de la seguridad / Formação dos enfermeiros intensivistas para manejar hemodiálise contínua: condição latente à segurança

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the repercussions of the training of nurses working in the Intensive Care Unit for the management of continuous hemodialysis regarding the safety of critical patients with acute renal failure. Method: Qualitative research developed considering James Reason's reference in the Intensive Care Unit of a private hospital. The data was collected with 23 nurses who worked for more than three months in the management of continuous hemodialysis through a semi-structured interview, and analyzed with the thematic content analysis technique. Results: There are weaknesses in the training of intensive care nurses for the management of continuous hemodialysis that become a latent failure. Such a failure results in difficulties in handling hemodialysis, with risks for these professionals to commit active failures. Final considerations: The training program in service for the management of continuous hemodialysis must be perfected, to develop skills and competencies in nurses and improve their performance.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las repercusiones de la formación de enfermeros que actúan en Unidades de Terapia Intensiva para el manejo de la hemodiálisis continua teniendo en vista la seguridad del paciente crítico con lesión renal aguda. Método: Investigación cualitativa, desarrollada bajo la luz del referencial de James Reason en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva de un hospital privado. Los datos fueron recolectados con 23 enfermeros que actuaban hacía más de tres meses en el manejo de la hemodiálisis continua a través de entrevista semiestructurada, y analizados con la técnica de análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: Hay fragilidades en la formación de enfermeros intensivos para el manejo de la hemodiálisis continua que se configuran en una falla latente. Esa deficiencia resulta en dificultades en el manejo de la hemodiálisis, con riesgo de que estos profesionales cometan fallas activas. Consideraciones finales: Es necesario perfeccionar el programa de entrenamiento en servicio para el manejo de la hemodiálisis continua, para desarrollar en los enfermeros habilidades y competencias y mejorar su desempeño.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as repercussões da formação de enfermeiros que atuam em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva para o manejo da hemodiálise contínua tendo em vista a segurança do paciente crítico com injúria renal aguda. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida à luz do referencial de James Reason na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de hospital privado. Os dados foram coletados com 23 enfermeiros que atuavam há mais de três meses no manejo da hemodiálise contínua através de entrevista semiestruturada, e analisados com a técnica de análise de conteúdo temático. Resultados: Há fragilidades na formação de enfermeiros intensivistas para o manejo da hemodiálise contínua que se configuram numa falha latente. Tal falha resulta em dificuldades no manuseio da hemodiálise, com riscos de esses profissionais cometerem falhas ativas. Considerações finais: É preciso aperfeiçoar o programa de treinamento em serviço para o manuseio da hemodiálise contínua, para desenvolver no enfermeiro habilidades e competências e melhorar sua performance.

Intensivist nurse performance in the collaborative model of continuous hemodialysis: links with patient safety / Actuación del enfermero intensivista en el modelo colaborativo de hemodiálisis continua: nexos con la seguridad del paciente / Atuação do enfermeiro intensivista no modelo colaborativo de hemodiálise contínua: nexos com a segurança do paciente

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the Intensive Care Unit nurse's role in the management of continuous hemodialysis within the scope of the collaborative model, analyzing it regarding the links with patient safety. Method: A descriptive, qualitative, exploratory study based on the Reason safety model performed at the Intensive Care Unit of a specialized hospital, with nurses working in the direct management of continuous hemodialysis, who were interviewed using a script with its contents being thematically analyzed. Results: 23 nurses participated. The role of the intensive care nurse in continuous hemodialysis involves performing preparation/planning and monitoring/follow-up activities, based on interaction with technology and the application of specialized knowledge. The adopted collaborative model reflects on its qualification and availability in relation to the activities that need to be performed, with repercussions on patient safety. Conclusion: There are weaknesses in the participation by intensive care nurses in this continuous hemodialysis model which require elaboration of defensive barriers for the safety of the system.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir la actuación del enfermero de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos en el manejo de la hemodiálisis continua en el ámbito del modelo colaborativo, analizándola en cuanto a los nexos con la seguridad del paciente. Método: Investigación exploratoria descriptiva, cualitativa, basada en el modelo de seguridad de Reason, llevada a cabo en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de hospital especializado, con enfermeros actuantes en el manejo directo de la hemodiálisis continua, quienes fueron entrevistados mediante un guión cuyos contenidos pasaron por análisis temático. Resultados: Participaron 23 enfermeros. La actuación del enfermero de cuidados intensivos en la hemodiálisis continua involucra llevar a cabo actividades de preparación/planificación y de monitoreo/seguimiento, desde la interacción con la tecnología y la aplicación de conocimientos especializados. El modelo colaborativo adoptado trae reflejos en su calificación y disponibilidad frente a las actividades que necesita llevar a cabo, repercutiendo en la seguridad del paciente. Conclusión: Hay fragilidades en la participación de los enfermeros de los cuidados intensivos en este modelo de hemodiálisis continua que requieren la creación de barreras defensivas para la seguridad del sistema.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a atuação do enfermeiro da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva no manejo da hemodiálise contínua no âmbito do modelo colaborativo, analisando-a quanto aos nexos com a segurança do paciente. Método: Pesquisa exploratória-descritiva, qualitativa, baseada no modelo de segurança de Reason, realizada na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de hospital especializado, com enfermeiros atuantes no manejo direto da hemodiálise contínua, os quais foram entrevistados com o uso de um roteiro cujos conteúdos passaram por análise temática. Resultados: Participaram 23 enfermeiros. A atuação do enfermeiro da terapia intensiva na hemodiálise contínua envolve executar atividades de preparo/planejamento e de monitorização/acompanhamento, a partir da interação com a tecnologia e da aplicação de conhecimentos especializados. O modelo colaborativo adotado traz reflexos na sua qualificação e disponibilidade frente às atividades que precisa executar, repercutindo na segurança do paciente. Conclusão: Há fragilidades na participação dos enfermeiros da terapia intensiva neste modelo de hemodiálise contínua que requerem a elaboração de barreiras defensivas para a segurança do sistema.

Experience of nurses in the management of continuous hemodialysis and its influences on patient safety / Experiencia de enfermeros en el manejo de la hemodiálisión continua y sus influencias en la seguridad del paciente / Experiência de enfermeiros no manejo da hemodiálise contínua e suas influências na segurança do paciente

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the professional experience of intensive care nurses and its influence on their work activities in the continuous hemodialysis process and patient safety in the intensive care unit within the scope of the collaborative model. Method: qualitative and exploratory research, based on the systemic paradigm of patient safety, developed at the Intensive Care Unit of a private institution in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. There were 23 nurse participants who had been working for more than three months in study scenery and in direct contact with continuous hemodialysis. The data were produced from June to October of 2016 by means of observation, analyzed using thick description as well as semi-structured interviews, and then submitted to the content analysis technique. Results: were organized in two categories: the first one portrays the influence of the professional working experience on the safety of nurses' performance, which verified that in relation to continuous hemodialysis, inexperienced nurses follow guidelines and manuals, without a complete evaluation of this care situation and face difficulties in the performance of everyday care. The second category demonstrates the impact of the nurse´s inexperience on the occurrence of active errors, evidencing actions that result in the occurrence of adverse events. Conclusion: the insertion of inexperienced nurses is a latent condition in the investigated system that results in the occurrence of incidents in the continuous hemodialysis process, requiring the improvement of the collaborative model through the systematic monitoring of the performance of these professionals, such as the proposal of a safety barrier.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la influencia de la experiencia profesional de los enfermeros intensivos en el manejo de la hemodiálisis continua, en la seguridad de su actuación, en el marco del modelo colaborativo frente al paciente que de ella se utiliza en la unidad de terapia intensiva. Método: investigación cualitativa y de cuño exploratorio, pautada en el paradigma sistémico de la seguridad del paciente, desarrollada en la unidad de terapia intensiva de una institución privada del municipio de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. Participaron 23 enfermeros que actuaban hace más de tres meses en el escenario del estudio, en el manejo directo de la hemodiálisis continua. Los datos fueron producidos de junio a octubre de 2016 por medio de observación, analizados a partir de su descripción densa, y de entrevistas semiestructuradas, sometidos a la técnica de análisis de contenido. Resultados: fueron organizados en dos categorías: la primera retrata la influencia de la experiencia profesional en la seguridad de la actuación del enfermero, en que se verifica que los enfermeros inexpertos actúan en el manejo de la hemodiálisis continua siguiendo directrices y manuales, sin una evaluación completa de esta situación de cuidado y enfrentando dificultades en el cotidiano de la asistencia. La segunda categoría demuestra el impacto de esta inexperiencia del enfermero en la ocurrencia de errores activos, evidenciando acciones que resultan en la ocurrencia de eventos adversos. Conclusión: la inserción de enfermeros inexpertos es una condición latente en el sistema investigado que converge para la ocurrencia de incidentes en el manejo de la hemodiálisis continua, requiriendo el perfeccionamiento del modelo colaborativo a través del acompañamiento sistemático del desempeño de estos profesionales, como propuesta de barrera de seguridad.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a influência da experiência profissional dos enfermeiros intensivistas no manejo da hemodiálise contínua, na segurança de sua atuação no âmbito do modelo colaborativo frente ao paciente que dela se utiliza na unidade de terapia intensiva. Método: pesquisa qualitativa e de cunho exploratório, pautada no paradigma sistêmico da segurança do paciente, desenvolvida na unidade de terapia intensiva de uma instituição privada do município do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. Participaram 23 enfermeiros que atuavam há mais de três meses no cenário do estudo, no manejo direto da hemodiálise contínua. Os dados foram produzidos de junho a outubro de 2016 por meio de observação, analisados a partir da sua descrição densa, e de entrevistas semiestruturadas, submetidos à técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: foram organizados em duas categorias: a primeira retrata a influência da experiência profissional na segurança da atuação do enfermeiro, em que se verifica que os enfermeiros inexperientes agem no manejo da hemodiálise contínua seguindo diretrizes e manuais, sem uma avaliação completa desta situação de cuidado e enfrentando dificuldades no cotidiano da assistência. A segunda categoria demonstra o impacto dessa inexperiência do enfermeiro na ocorrência de erros ativos, evidenciando-se ações que resultam na ocorrência de eventos adversos. Conclusão: a inserção de enfermeiros inexperientes é uma condição latente no sistema investigado que converge para a ocorrência de incidentes no manejo da hemodiálise contínua, requerendo o aprimoramento do modelo colaborativo através do acompanhamento sistemático do desempenho destes profissionais, como proposta de barreira de segurança.

Communication noise during the nursing team handover in the intensive care unit / Ruidos en la comunicación durante el handover del equipo de enfermería de la unidad de terapia intensiva / Ruídos na comunicação durante o handover da equipe de enfermagem da unidade de terapia intensiva

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the communication process among the professionals of the intensive care nursing team during the handover, analyzing the existence of noise and its repercussions on patient safety. Method: qualitative and exploratory study, in the light of Berlo, carried out at the intensive care unit of a federal hospital with 42 nursing professionals participating in the handover and/or acting in direct patient care. An audio recording of the handover was performed, as well as its systematic observation and the care practices of the nursing team. The audios were transcribed for an instrument and analyzed through descriptive statistics regarding the presence, completeness and correction of the information. The observation data were submitted to thick description. Results: the noises were related to the absence/incompleteness of information about the patient, with focus on the communication about intercurrences and clinical evolution of the last 24 hours and little valuation of the data on evaluation, care plan and clinical condition of the patient; in addition to late arrivals, speaking with a low tone of voice, parallel conversations, and the use of cell phones. Such noises have caused unnecessary, wrong procedures or prevented procedures from being performed. Conclusion: noise in the communication process negatively affects nursing and patient safety.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el proceso de comunicación entre los profesionales del equipo de enfermería de la terapia intensiva durante el handover, analizando la existencia del ruido y sus repercusiones en la seguridad del paciente. Método: estudio cualitativo y exploratorio, a la luz de Berlo, realizado en la unidad de terapia intensiva de hospital federal con 42 profesionales de enfermería participantes del handover y/o actuantes en la asistencia directa al paciente. Se realizó grabación del audio del handover, así como su observación sistemática y de las prácticas de cuidado del equipo de enfermería. Los audios fueron transcritos a un instrumento y analizados a través de estadística descriptiva en cuanto a la presencia, completitud y corrección de la información. Los datos de la observación pasaron por una descripción densa. Resultados: los ruidos se relacionaron con la ausencia/incompletud de informaciones sobre el paciente, con focalización de la comunicación sobre intercurrencias y evolución clínica de las últimas 24 horas y poca valoración de los datos sobre evaluación, plan de cuidados y estado clínico del paciente; además de llegadas atrasadas, tono de voz bajo, conversaciones paralelas, uso de celulares. Estos ruidos generaron procedimientos innecesarios, errados o su no realización. Conclusión: los ruidos en el proceso de comunicación afectan negativamente el cuidado de enfermería, perjudicando la asistencia prestada en la perspectiva de la seguridad del paciente.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o processo de comunicação entre os profissionais da equipe de enfermagem da terapia intensiva durante o handover, analisando-o quanto à existência de ruídos e suas repercussões na segurança do paciente. Método: estudo qualitativo e exploratório, à luz de Berlo, realizado na unidade de terapia intensiva de hospital federal com 42 profissionais de enfermagem participantes do handover e/ou atuantes na assistência direta ao paciente. Foi realizada gravação do áudio do handover, bem como sua observação sistemática e das práticas de cuidado da equipe de enfermagem. Os áudios foram transcritos para um instrumento e analisados através de estatística descritiva quanto à presença, completude e correção da informação. Os dados da observação passaram por descrição densa. Resultados: os ruídos relacionaram-se à ausência/incompletude de informações sobre o paciente, com focalização da comunicação sobre intercorrências e evolução clínica das últimas 24 horas e pouca valorização dos dados sobre avaliação, plano de cuidados e estado clínico do paciente; além de chegadas atrasadas, tom de voz baixo, conversas paralelas e uso de celulares. Tais ruídos geraram procedimentos desnecessários, errados ou a sua não realização. Conclusão: ruídos no processo de comunicação afetam negativamente o cuidado de enfermagem, prejudicando a assistência prestada na perspectiva da segurança do paciente.

Homelessness and incarceration among psychiatric patients in Brazil.

Psychiatric patients are at increased risk of adverse life events, such as being incarcerated and homelessness in their life course. Using data from a cross-sectional multicenter study of 2,475 patients selected from 26 mental health services in Brazil, we examined the association of sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, and adverse life characteristics with history of homelessness, incarceration or their co-occurrence during lifetime. Odds ratios were obtained by multinomial logistic regression models. The prevalence of homelessness, incarceration and co-occurrence of these two conditions were 8.6%, 16.4%, and 9.4%, respectively. Lower income, living in unstable condition, intellectual disability, and cigarette smoking were associated with homelessness. Being male, lower schooling, sex under effect of alcohol or drugs, and multiple sex partners were associated with incarceration. Psychiatric hospitalizations, substance use, and history of sexually transmitted diseases, and sexual, physical, or verbal violence were associated with co-occurrence of both conditions. Our findings suggest that incarceration and homelessness are very prevalent and correlated in psychiatric patients in Brazil. Many of the associated factors are potentially modifiable, and may act synergistically requiring integrated care.

Homelessness and incarceration among psychiatric patients in Brazil / Pacientes psiquiátricos em situação de rua e encarceramento no Brasil

Abstract Psychiatric patients are at increased risk of adverse life events, such as being incarcerated and homelessness in their life course. Using data from a cross-sectional multicenter study of 2,475 patients selected from 26 mental health services in Brazil, we examined the association of sociodemographic, clinical, behavioral, and adverse life characteristics with history of homelessness, incarceration or their co-occurrence during lifetime. Odds ratios were obtained by multinomial logistic regression models. The prevalence of homelessness, incarceration and co-occurrence of these two conditions were 8.6%, 16.4%, and 9.4%, respectively. Lower income, living in unstable condition, intellectual disability, and cigarette smoking were associated with homelessness. Being male, lower schooling, sex under effect of alcohol or drugs, and multiple sex partners were associated with incarceration. Psychiatric hospitalizations, substance use, and history of sexually transmitted diseases, and sexual, physical, or verbal violence were associated with co-occurrence of both conditions. Our findings suggest that incarceration and homelessness are very prevalent and correlated in psychiatric patients in Brazil. Many of the associated factors are potentially modifiable, and may act synergistically requiring integrated care.

Resumo Os pacientes psiquiátricos estão em risco aumentado de eventos adversos da vida, como ser preso e morar na rua. Investigamos a associação de características sociodemográficas, clínicas, comportamentais e eventos adversos de vida com o histórico de morar na rua, encarceramento e a coocorrência dessas duas condições ao longo da vida em um estudo multicêntrico de corte transversal de 2.475 usuários de 26 serviços de saúde mental no Brasil. "Odds ratios" foram obtidos por modelos de regressão logística multinomial. A prevalência de morar na rua, encarceramento e coocorrência dessas condições foi de 8,6%, 16,4% e 9,4%, respectivamente. Menor renda, viver em habitações instáveis, deficiência mental e tabagismo foram associados a morar na rua. Ser do sexo masculino, ter menor escolaridade, histórico de sexo sob efeito de álcool ou drogas e múltiplos parceiros sexuais foram associados ao encarceramento. Internações psiquiátricas, uso de substâncias, histórico de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e violência sexual, física ou verbal foram associados à coocorrência das duas condições. Encarceramento e morar na rua são eventos muito prevalentes e correlacionados em pacientes psiquiátricos. Muitos dos fatores associados são modificáveis e podem agir sinergicamente exigindo cuidados integrados.

Factors associated with unprotected sexual practice among men and women with mental illnesses in Brazil.

This study estimated the rate and correlates of recent unprotected sex among sexually active psychiatric patients in Brazil, stratified by gender. The prevalence of unprotected sex among women and men were 89% and 77%, respectively. Significant correlates with unprotected sex were: being married/in union, living with children/partner, and cigarette smoking in both genders; lower income, depression and anxiety diagnoses among men only; older age, no previous HIV testing, sex under the influence of alcohol/drugs, and verbal violence among women only. Interventions to reduce risk behavior among psychiatric patients in Brazil are urgent and should take into account gender differences.

Cigarette smoking among psychiatric patients in Brazil.

The aim of this study was to estimate tobacco smoking prevalence among psychiatric patients attended in care facilities in Brazil and assess associated factors. A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted of psychiatric patients (N = 2,475) selected from 26 care facilities. Current and ex-smokers were compared to those who had never smoked. Odds ratios were estimated using logistic regression. The current and past smoking prevalence rates were 52.7% and 18.9%, respectively. Being male, aged 40 years or over, drug and alcohol use, unprotected sex and a history of physical violence were factors associated with both current and past smoking, while a low education level (≤ 8 years of schooling), history of homelessness, not practicing a religion, current or previous psychiatric hospitalization, and main psychiatric diagnosis substance use disorders, were factors only associated with current smoking. Tobacco smoking prevalence among this population was high and was higher than the rate in the general population. Appropriate interventions and smoking prevention policies should be incorporated into mental health services.

Effects of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on the alveolar bone density.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on alveolar bone density (ABD) and bone height (BH) using direct digital radiography. Nineteen patients (mean age: 36 ± 7.3 years) with generalized chronic periodontitis were examined at baseline, 90 (90 AT) and 180 (180 AT) days after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Radiographs were taken from two sites with specific characteristics: 39 sites with probing pocket depth (PPD) ≤ 3 mm and clinical attachment level (CAL) ≤ 1 mm (shallow sites); and 62 sites with PPD ≥ 5 mm and CAL ≥ 3 mm (deep sites). The ABD was assessed considering the bone regions of interest at the alveolar bone crest (ROI I) and at the medullar bone (ROI II). The BH was assessed considering the distance from the alveolar bone crest to the cementoenamel junction. Mann-Whitney test was used for the overall demographic data, Wilcoxon test was used to compare the baseline, 90 AT and 180 AT data as well as to compare the groups and subgroups within the same evaluation period. The significance level was set at 5%. The deep sites showed a significant increase of ABD in ROI I at 90 AT (p<0.007) and at 180 AT (p<0.005). ABD decrease was seen in ROI II at 180 AT (p<0.04) while BH reduced only in shallow sites at 90 AT. In conclusion, an increase in ABD was observed in deep sites of patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. However, no significant change in alveolar BH was observed in these sites.

Factors associated with unprotected sexual practice among men and women with mental illnesses in Brazil / Fatores associados com a prática do sexo desprotegido entre homens e mulheres com transtornos mentais no Brasil / Los factores asociados con la práctica del sexo sin protección entre hombres y mujeres con trastornos mentales en Brasil

This study estimated the rate and correlates of recent unprotected sex among sexually active psychiatric patients in Brazil, stratified by gender. The prevalence of unprotected sex among women and men were 89% and 77%, respectively. Significant correlates with unprotected sex were: being married/in union, living with children/partner, and cigarette smoking in both genders; lower income, depression and anxiety diagnoses among men only; older age, no previous HIV testing, sex under the influence of alcohol/drugs, and verbal violence among women only. Interventions to reduce risk behavior among psychiatric patients in Brazil are urgent and should take into account gender differences.

Este estudo estimou a prevalência e os fatores associados com o sexo desprotegido recente entre pacientes psiquiátricos sexualmente ativos no Brasil, estratificados por sexo. A prevalência de sexo desprotegido entre mulheres e homens foi 89% e 77%, respectivamente. Os fatores associados significativamente com o sexo desprotegido foram: estar casado/em união, viver com filhos/parceiros, e tabagismo em ambos os sexos; baixa renda e diagnósticos de depressão e ansiedade apenas entre homens; idade maior que 40 anos, nenhum teste prévio para o HIV, sexo sob a influência de álcool/drogas e violência verbal apenas entre as mulheres. Intervenções para reduzir comportamentos de risco entre pacientes psiquiátricos no Brasil são urgentes e devem considerar as diferenças de gênero.

Este estudio estima la prevalencia y los factores asociados con el sexo no protegido reciente entre los pacientes psiquiátricos sexualmente activos en Brasil, estratificado por sexo. La prevalencia de relaciones sexuales sin protección entre hombres y mujeres fue de 89% y 77%, respectivamente. Los factores asociados significativamente con el sexo sin protección fueron: estar casado/en unión, vivir con los niños/pareja, y el tabaquismo en ambos sexos; bajos ingresos y diagnóstico de depresión y ansiedad entre los hombres solamente; edad mayor de 40 años, ninguna prueba anterior para VIH, sexo bajo la influencia de alcohol/drogas y la violencia verbal sólo entre las mujeres. Las intervenciones para reducir los comportamientos de riesgo entre los pacientes psiquiátricos en Brasil son urgentes y deben considerar las diferencias de género.

Cigarette smoking among psychiatric patients in Brazil / Tabagismo entre pacientes psiquiátricos no Brasil / Tabaquismo entre los pacientes psiquiátricos en Brasil

The aim of this study was to estimate tobacco smoking prevalence among psychiatric patients attended in care facilities in Brazil and assess associated factors. A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted of psychiatric patients (N = 2,475) selected from 26 care facilities. Current and ex-smokers were compared to those who had never smoked. Odds ratios were estimated using logistic regression. The current and past smoking prevalence rates were 52.7% and 18.9%, respectively. Being male, aged 40 years or over, drug and alcohol use, unprotected sex and a history of physical violence were factors associated with both current and past smoking, while a low education level (≤ 8 years of schooling), history of homelessness, not practicing a religion, current or previous psychiatric hospitalization, and main psychiatric diagnosis substance use disorders, were factors only associated with current smoking. Tobacco smoking prevalence among this population was high and was higher than the rate in the general population. Appropriate interventions and smoking prevention policies should be incorporated into mental health services.

O objetivo do estudo foi estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados com o tabagismo entre pacientes psiquiátricos no Brasil. Estudo multicêntrico de corte transversal foi conduzido com 2.475 pacientes com transtorno mental, selecionados de 26 serviços. Fumantes e ex-fumantes foram comparados com aqueles que nunca fumaram. Odds ratios foram estimados por meio de regressão logística. As prevalências de fumantes e ex-fumantes foram 52,7% e 18,9%, respectivamente. Sexo masculino, idade 40+ anos, uso de drogas e álcool, prática de sexo desprotegido e histórico de agressão física estiveram associados tanto com fumantes quanto com ex-fumantes. Já a escolaridade ≤ 8 anos, história de ter morado na rua, não ter prática religiosa, internação psiquiátrica atual ou anterior, e transtorno por uso de substâncias como diagnóstico psiquiátrico principal foram associados somente ao tabagismo atual. A prevalência de tabagismo nessa população foi alta e maior do que para a população geral brasileira. Políticas de intervenção e prevenção do tabagismo devem ser adotadas pelos serviços de saúde mental.

El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la prevalencia y los factores asociados con el tabaquismo entre los pacientes psiquiátricos en Brasil. Un estudio transversal multicéntrico fue realizado en 2.475 pacientes con trastorno mental, seleccionados de 26 servicios de salud. Los fumadores y los exfumadores fueron comparados con aquellos que nunca habían fumado. Las odds ratios se calcularon mediante regresión logística. La prevalencia de fumadores y ex fumadores fue un 52,7% y un 18,9%, respectivamente. Hombre, edad 40+ años, uso de las drogas y alcohol, sexo sin protección, e historia de agresión física se asociaron con fumadores y ex fumadores. Escolaridad ≤ 8 años, estar sin hogar, no practicar ninguna religión, hospitalización psiquiátrica actual o anterior, y trastornos por uso de sustancias, así como el diagnóstico psiquiátrico primario, se asociaron únicamente con el tabaquismo actual. La prevalencia de tabaquismo en esta población fue alta y superior a la de la población general de Brasil. Se deben adoptar políticas de intervención y prevención del tabaquismo por parte de los servicios de salud mental.